1. Sort everything, into as few categories as possible.
2. Reduce -- get rid of excess.
3. Put everything you keep in its place.
4. Count and measure items that need storage.
5. Choose the right storage or organization items.
It's my desk that sometimes starts to pile up with unwanted clutter. I sorted through everything last week, and now I can see my mousepad again. These are some of the desk organization items on my Ikea wish list:
Ikea letter organizer, for use as an in/out box, $9.99. This would keep me from having piles to sort through....

And the MACKIS storage rack for writing materials. You know, I really think I would write more notes if I had them so neatly accesible.